:root {
    --bg: #F6F4F0;
    --bg-warm: #EDEAE4;
    --surface: #FFFFFF;
    --dark: #141211;
    --dark-surface: #1C1B19;
    --text: #1A1917;
    --text-body: #4A4843;
    --text-muted: #8A8680;
    --accent: #0E2847;
    --accent-light: #1A4A7A;
    --border: #D8D4CD;
    --border-light: #E8E5DF;
    --image-bg: #E5E1DA;
    --grain-opacity: 0.03;
  }

  * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }

  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

  body {
    background: var(--bg);
    color: var(--text);
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    overflow-x: hidden;
  }

  /* Grain overlay */
  body::after {
    content: '';
    position: fixed;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 9999;
    opacity: var(--grain-opacity);
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 256 256' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='noise'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.9' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23noise)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-repeat: repeat;
    background-size: 180px;
  }

  /* ===== REVEAL ANIMATION ===== */
  .reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(32px);
    transition: opacity 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
                transform 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  }

  .reveal.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }

  .reveal-delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s; }
  .reveal-delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s; }
  .reveal-delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s; }
  .reveal-delay-4 { transition-delay: 0.4s; }

  /* ===== LAYOUT ===== */
  .container {
    max-width: 1440px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 48px;
  }

  .container--narrow {
    max-width: 888px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 48px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .container, .container--narrow { padding: 0 16px; }
  }

  /* ===== NAV ===== */
  .nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 100;
    padding: 20px 48px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    background: rgba(246, 244, 240, 0.8);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(216, 212, 205, 0.4);
    transition: all 0.4s ease;
  }

  .nav-logo {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text);
    text-decoration: none;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  }

  .nav-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 32px;
    list-style: none;
  }

  .nav-links a {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    transition: color 0.3s;
  }

  /* ===== NAV DROPDOWN ===== */
  .nav-dropdown { position: relative; }

  .nav-dropdown > a { padding: 4px 0; }

  .nav-dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 4px);
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 8px 0;
    min-width: 260px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    z-index: 100;
    list-style: none;
  }

  /* Invisible bridge to keep hover active between link and menu */
  .nav-dropdown::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 12px;
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-dropdown:hover::after { display: block; }
  .nav-dropdown:hover > .nav-dropdown-menu { display: block; }
  .nav-dropdown.active > .nav-dropdown-menu { display: block; }

  .nav-dropdown-menu li a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-body);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  }

  .nav-dropdown-menu li a:hover {
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--bg-warm);
  }

  .nav-dropdown-menu li a span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 10px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-top: 2px;
  }

  .nav-links a:hover { color: var(--text); }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .nav { padding: 16px 16px; }
    .nav-logo { max-width: 130px; }
    .nav-links { gap: 20px; }
    .nav-links a { font-size: 11px; }
  }

  /* ===== HERO ===== */
  .hero {
    padding: 160px 0 64px;
    position: relative;
  }

  .hero-eyebrow {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }

  .hero-eyebrow .line {
    width: 48px;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--accent);
  }

  .hero-eyebrow span {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(42px, 6vw, 80px);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    max-width: 960px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
    color: var(--text);
  }

  .hero h1 em {
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--accent);
  }

  .hero-intro {
    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--text-body);
    max-width: 620px;
    margin-bottom: 56px;
  }

  .hero-tags {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .hero-tags span {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    padding: 8px 18px;
    border-radius: 100px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-body);
    background: var(--surface);
    transition: all 0.3s;
  }

  /* ===== HERO IMAGE ===== */
  .hero-image-wrapper {
    margin: 64px 0 0;
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
  }

  .image-block {
    background: var(--image-bg);
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  }

  .image-block > img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 16px;
    cursor: zoom-in;
  }

  /* Min-heights only when placeholder (no img) */
  .image-block--hero:not(:has(> img)) { min-height: 520px; }
  .image-block--medium:not(:has(> img)) { min-height: 400px; }
  .image-block--small:not(:has(> img)) { min-height: 280px; }

  /* ===== LIGHTBOX ===== */
  .lightbox {
    display: none;
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 10000;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.92);
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 32px;
    cursor: zoom-out;
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  }

  .lightbox.active {
    display: flex;
    animation: lightboxIn 0.3s ease;
  }

  @keyframes lightboxIn {
    from { opacity: 0; }
    to { opacity: 1; }
  }

  .lightbox img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 8px;
    cursor: default;
  }

  .lightbox-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 20px;
    right: 24px;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: background 0.2s;
    z-index: 10001;
  }

  .lightbox-close:hover {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .lightbox { padding: 16px; }
    .lightbox-close { top: 12px; right: 12px; width: 40px; height: 40px; font-size: 18px; }
  }

  .image-block .img-caption {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 24px;
  }

  .image-block .img-desc {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    max-width: 460px;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.6;
    padding: 0 24px;
    font-weight: 300;
  }

  .image-block .img-icon-circle {
    width: 56px;
    height: 56px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 22px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }

  /* ===== CONTEXT BAR ===== */
  .context-bar {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
    gap: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 56px 0 0;
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .context-bar { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  }

  .context-item {
    background: var(--surface);
    padding: 28px 24px;
  }

  .context-item .ctx-label {
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .context-item .ctx-value {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.4;
  }

  /* ===== SECTION HEADINGS ===== */
  .section-label {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }

  .section-label .dot {
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent);
  }

  .section-label span {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
  }

  .section-title {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 50px);
    line-height: 1.12;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    max-width: 720px;
  }

  .section-body {
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1.85;
    color: var(--text-body);
    max-width: 660px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }

  .section-body strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
  }

  /* ===== SPACER ===== */
  .spacer { height: 120px; }
  .spacer--sm { height: 80px; }
  .spacer--xs { height: 48px; }

  /* ===== DIVIDER ===== */
  .divider {
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
    margin: 0;
  }

  /* ===== INSIGHT QUOTE ===== */
  .insight {
    position: relative;
    padding: 48px 0 48px 40px;
    margin: 48px 0;
  }

  .insight::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-light));
    border-radius: 3px;
  }

  .insight p {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: clamp(22px, 2.8vw, 30px);
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--text);
    max-width: 640px;
  }

  .insight .insight-source {
    font-family: 'Outfit', sans-serif;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 20px;
  }

  /* ===== TWO COLUMN LAYOUT ===== */
  .split {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .split--stretch {
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .split--stretch .image-block {
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .split--stretch .image-block > img {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 16px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  }

  .split--offset {
    grid-template-columns: 5fr 7fr;
  }

  /* ===== INSIGHT-SPLIT: TEXT (TOP+BOTTOM) on left, CARDS on right spanning both rows.
     On mobile, reorders to: text-top → cards → text-bottom ===== */
  .insight-split {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    grid-template-areas:
      "text-top    cards"
      "text-bottom cards";
    gap: 32px 48px;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .insight-split > .insight-text-top    { grid-area: text-top; }
  .insight-split > .insight-cards       { grid-area: cards; }
  .insight-split > .insight-text-bottom { grid-area: text-bottom; }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .insight-split {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      grid-template-areas:
        "text-top"
        "cards"
        "text-bottom";
      gap: 32px;
    }
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .split--offset { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  /* ===== TWO-COLUMN, TWO-ROW: intro on top-left, cards bottom-left, image right aligned to cards ===== */
  .split--offset-stack {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 5fr 7fr;
    grid-template-areas:
      "intro  ."
      "cards  aside";
    gap: 48px;
    align-items: start;
  }

  .split--offset-stack > .sg-intro { grid-area: intro; }
  .split--offset-stack > .sg-cards { grid-area: cards; }
  .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside { grid-area: aside; }

  /* Make the right-column image match the height of the cards stack */
  .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside { align-self: stretch; }
  .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside > .image-block {
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 0;
  }
  .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside > .image-block > img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
  }

  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .split--offset-stack { gap: 36px; }
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .split--offset-stack {
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      grid-template-areas:
        "intro"
        "cards"
        "aside";
      gap: 32px;
    }
    .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside { align-self: start; }
    .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside > .image-block { height: auto; }
    .split--offset-stack > .sg-aside > .image-block > img {
      height: auto;
      object-fit: contain;
    }
  }

  /* ===== DARK SECTION ===== */
  /* ===== HIGHLIGHT SECTION ===== */
  .highlight-section {
    background: var(--bg-warm);
    padding: 100px 0;
    margin: 120px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  }

  /* ===== SOLUTION CARDS ===== */

  /* ===== CTA BUTTON ===== */
  .cta-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 14px 28px;
    border-radius: 100px;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
    margin-top: 24px;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  }

  .cta-link:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: #fff;
  }

  .cta-link svg {
    transition: transform 0.3s;
  }

  .cta-link:hover svg {
    transform: translateX(3px);
  }

  /* ===== RESEARCH DATA GRID ===== */
  .research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
    margin: 40px 0;
  }

  .research-grid--2x2 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    margin: 0;
  }

  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .research-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  .research-card {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 28px 24px;
  }

  .research-card .rc-number {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 32px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .research-card .rc-label {
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--text-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  /* ===== RESEARCH DETAILS ===== */
  .research-detail {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 40px 36px;
    margin: 24px 0;
  }

  .research-detail h4 {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }

  .research-detail .rd-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 12px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  }

  .research-detail .rd-row:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
  }

  .research-detail .rd-label {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--text-body);
  }

  .research-detail .rd-value {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
  }

  .research-detail .rd-bar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .research-detail .rd-bar-fill {
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    background: var(--accent);
    opacity: 0.6;
  }

  /* ===== ORIGINAL SOLUTION CARDS ===== */
  .solution-card {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 40px 36px;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
                box-shadow 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  }

  .solution-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  }

  .solution-card .card-number {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 48px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--border);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }

  .solution-card h3 {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    color: var(--text);
  }

  .solution-card p {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--text-body);
  }

  /* ===== METRICS ===== */
  .metrics {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
    margin: 56px 0;
  }

  @media (max-width: 768px) {
    .metrics { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  }

  .metric {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 40px 20px;
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    border-radius: 16px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }

  .metric:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
  }

  .metric .metric-number {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: clamp(36px, 4.5vw, 56px);
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  }

  .metric .metric-unit {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.5;
    max-width: 160px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  /* ===== CLOSING ===== */
  .closing {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 80px 0 40px;
  }

  .closing .section-label {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .closing .section-title {
    max-width: 680px;
    margin: 0 auto 28px;
  }

  .closing .section-body {
    max-width: 580px;
    margin: 0 auto 24px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  /* ===== FOOTER NAV ===== */
  .case-footer {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 48px 0 80px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
  }

  .case-footer a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--text);
    transition: color 0.3s;
  }

  .case-footer a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

  .footer-back {
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .footer-back svg { transition: transform 0.3s; }
  .footer-back:hover svg { transform: translateX(-4px); }

  .footer-next {
    text-align: right;
  }

  .footer-next .next-label {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
  }

  .footer-next .next-title {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 28px;
    font-weight: 400;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .footer-next .next-title svg { transition: transform 0.3s; }
  .footer-next:hover .next-title svg { transform: translateX(4px); }

  /* ===== IMAGE GRID ===== */
  .image-grid-2 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .image-grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  /* ===== TIMELINE ===== */
  .timeline {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0;
    margin: 48px 0;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  }

  .timeline-phase {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 28px 24px;
    background: var(--surface);
    border-right: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    position: relative;
  }

  .timeline-phase:last-child { border-right: none; }

  .timeline-phase.active {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: white;
  }

  .timeline-phase .phase-label {
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .timeline-phase.active .phase-label { color: var(--accent-light); }

  .timeline-phase .phase-title {
    font-family: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  .timeline-phase .phase-duration {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 6px;
  }

  .timeline-phase.active .phase-duration { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .timeline { flex-direction: column; }
    .timeline-phase { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); }
    .timeline-phase:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  }

  /* ===== SMOOTH HORIZONTAL LINE ANIMATION ===== */
  .h-line {
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
    transform-origin: left;
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transition: transform 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  }

  .h-line.visible {
    transform: scaleX(1);
  }

  /* ===== COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSIVE ===== */

  /* Tablet */
  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .hero { padding: 140px 0 56px; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(36px, 5.5vw, 64px); }
    .hero-intro { font-size: 17px; }
    .spacer { height: 80px; }
    .spacer--sm { height: 56px; }
    .context-bar { grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); }
    .section-title { font-size: clamp(28px, 3.5vw, 42px); }
    .split { gap: 36px; }
    .split--offset { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .highlight-section { padding: 80px 0; margin: 80px 0; }
    .solution-card { padding: 32px 28px; }
    .research-grid { gap: 12px; }
    .research-card { padding: 24px 20px; }
    .research-card .rc-number { font-size: 30px; }
    .research-detail { padding: 32px 28px; }
  }

  /* Mobile */
  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .hero { padding: 110px 0 40px; }
    .hero h1 { font-size: 28px; line-height: 1.12; margin-bottom: 24px; }
    .hero-eyebrow { margin-bottom: 24px; }
    .hero-eyebrow span { font-size: 11px; }
    .hero-intro { font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7; margin-bottom: 32px; }
    .hero-tags span { font-size: 11px; padding: 6px 14px; }

    .spacer { height: 56px; }
    .spacer--sm { height: 36px; }
    .spacer--xs { height: 24px; }

    .context-bar { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .context-item { padding: 20px 16px; }
    .context-item .ctx-label { font-size: 9px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
    .context-item .ctx-value { font-size: 13px; }

    .section-label span { font-size: 10px; }
    .section-title { font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
    .section-body { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.75; }

    .insight { padding: 24px 0 24px 20px; margin: 32px 0; }
    .insight p { font-size: 18px; }
    .insight .insight-source { font-size: 11px; }

    .split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 32px; }
    .split--offset { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .image-block--hero:not(:has(> img)) { min-height: 280px; }
    .image-block--medium:not(:has(> img)) { min-height: 220px; }
    .image-block--small:not(:has(> img)) { min-height: 180px; }
    .image-block .img-caption { font-size: 11px; }
    .image-block .img-desc { font-size: 12px; }

    .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
    .research-card { padding: 24px 20px; }
    .research-card .rc-number { font-size: 28px; }
    .research-card .rc-label { font-size: 13px; }
    .research-detail { padding: 28px 20px; }
    .research-detail h4 { font-size: 11px; margin-bottom: 16px; }
    .research-detail .rd-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 6px; padding: 14px 0; }
    .research-detail .rd-label { font-size: 14px; }
    .research-detail .rd-value { font-size: 14px; }
    .cta-link { font-size: 13px; padding: 12px 24px; }

    .highlight-section { padding: 56px 0; margin: 56px 0; }

    .solution-card { padding: 28px 24px; }
    .solution-card .card-number { font-size: 36px; }
    .solution-card h3 { font-size: 20px; }
    .solution-card p { font-size: 14px; }

    .image-grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }

    .metrics { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
    .metric { padding: 28px 16px; }
    .metric .metric-number { font-size: 32px; }
    .metric .metric-unit { font-size: 12px; }

    .timeline { flex-direction: column; }
    .timeline-phase { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); padding: 20px 20px; }
    .timeline-phase:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
    .timeline-phase .phase-title { font-size: 16px; }

    .closing .section-title { font-size: 22px; }
    .closing .section-body { font-size: 15px; }

    .case-footer { flex-direction: column; gap: 24px; align-items: flex-start; }
    .footer-next { text-align: left; }
    .footer-next .next-title { font-size: 22px; }

    .nav { padding: 16px 16px; }
    .nav-links { gap: 20px; }
    .nav-links a { font-size: 11px; }
  }

  /* ===== ACCESSIBILITY: FOCUS STATES ===== */
  /* Only show focus ring when user navigates via keyboard */
  a:focus { outline: none; }
  a:focus-visible,
  button:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 3px;
    border-radius: 4px;
  }

  .image-block > img:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 4px;
  }

  /* ===== ACCESSIBILITY: REDUCED MOTION ===== */
  /* Respect users who prefer less motion — disable reveal, scroll-smooth, hover translates */
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *, *::before, *::after {
      animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
      animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
      transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
      scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    }

    .reveal {
      opacity: 1 !important;
      transform: none !important;
    }

    .h-line {
      transform: scaleX(1) !important;
    }

    .solution-card:hover,
    .metric:hover {
      transform: none !important;
    }
  }

  /* ===== POLISH: EMPTY IMAGE-BLOCK PLACEHOLDER ===== */
  /* Subtle dashed border so empty placeholders read as "slot for image" instead of plain box */
  .image-block:not(:has(> img)) {
    border-style: dashed;
    border-color: var(--border);
    background: repeating-linear-gradient(
      135deg,
      var(--image-bg),
      var(--image-bg) 20px,
      var(--bg-warm) 20px,
      var(--bg-warm) 21px
    );
  }

  /* ===== POLISH: PRINT STYLES ===== */
  @media print {
    .nav, .case-footer, .lightbox, .site-footer { display: none !important; }
    body::after { display: none !important; }
    .reveal { opacity: 1 !important; transform: none !important; }
    .image-block { page-break-inside: avoid; }
    section { page-break-inside: avoid; }
  }

  /* ===== GLOBAL SITE FOOTER (below case-footer on case pages) ===== */
  .site-footer {
    padding: 32px 0 48px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 16px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    margin-top: 40px;
  }

  .site-footer a {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.3s;
  }

  .site-footer a:hover { color: var(--text); }

  .site-footer .footer-social {
    display: flex;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .site-footer .footer-note {
    flex-basis: 100%;
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding-top: 20px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    line-height: 1.65;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .site-footer .footer-note p {
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 880px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .site-footer .footer-note p + p {
    margin: 8px auto 0;
  }

  .site-footer .footer-note a {
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-color: var(--border);
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
    transition: color 0.3s, text-decoration-color 0.3s;
  }

  .site-footer .footer-note a:hover {
    color: var(--text);
    text-decoration-color: var(--text);
  }

  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .site-footer {
      padding: 24px 0 32px;
      font-size: 12px;
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      text-align: center;
    }
    .site-footer .footer-social { justify-content: center; }
  }